These folds appear to have resulted from the reactivation of ancient, steep-dipping reverse faults located in basement rocks beneath the plateau. Located within this developing ocean basin was an active volcanic arc that lay off the coast of ______ America and a _______ situated closer to Africa. Sheep Mountain anticline is located on the eastern flank of the Bighorn Basin (Figure 1a), north central Wyoming, north of the town of Greybull. Sheep Mountain Anticline An excellent example of an asymmetric doubly-plunging antcline. Crustal movements of a few meters occur along faults during major ____. The most recent movement is often along a strand only a few meters wide, which may offset features such as stream channels. a fault in which the dominant displacement is horizontal and parallel to the trend (direction) of the fault surface is called a ___ ___. The subduction zone that facilitated India's northward ______ was near the southern margin of ____. The Sheep Mountain anticline (Wyoming, USA) is a well-exposed asymmetric, basement-cored anticline that formed during the Laramide orogeny in the early Tertiary. This doubly-plunging asymmetrical anticline is deeply dissected and exposes strata ranging in age from the Mississippian (Madison Formation) to the Paleocene (Ft. Union Formation). Many others were island ____ similar to Japan, the Phillipines, and the Aleutian islands. In addition, mountain belts of similar origin formed during the same period and were once ______ are found in the British Isles, Scandanavia, northwestern Africa, and Greenland. The result of the activity is thickening of Earth's crust. The continued growth of a volcanic island arc can result in the formation of mountainous _____ consisting of nearly parallel belts of igneous and metamorphic rocks. During the development of volcanic arcs, unconsolidated sediments that are carried on the _____ plate, as well as fragments of oceanic crust, may be scraped off and plastered against the edge of the overriding plate. During the closing of the intervening ocean basin, a small crustal fragment, which now forms southern ____, reached the trench. The first stage in the development of Andean - type mountain belts, named after the _____ Mountain of South America, occurs along ___ _____ _____. Most major mountain belts display striking visual evidence of great ____ forces that have shortened the crust horizontally while thickening it vertically. Colliding plates provide the tectonic forces that thicken and elevate, Weathering and erosion sculpt Earth's surface into a vast array of landforms, while up and down motions in the mantle can change the, concept of floating crust in gravitational balance is called, The process of establishing a new level of gravitational balance by loading or unloading is called. Rather, ridges and valleys result because of ____ ___ and ___. on the Colorado Plateau include the East Kaibab Monocline. Faults in which movement is primarily parallel to the inclination (also called dip) of the fault surface are called ___ ___ ___. The term terrrane is used to describe a crustal fragment that consists of a distinct and recognizable series of rock formations that has been transported by ___ ______ processes. 11.29, when India continued its northward trek, parts of Asia were squeezed ____, out of the collision zone. The Mowry shale crops out in a SE-plunging syncline at the right. An open anticline. Some features of this site may not work without it. @article{osti_6084236, title = {Surface and subsurface analysis of Sheep Mountain anticline, Wyoming}, author = {Abercrombie, S}, abstractNote = {The Sheep Mountain area, in the southwest Wind River Basin, is the up plunge closure of the Derby Dome-Winkleman Dome producing trend of an echelon folds which comprise the first line of folding down the northeast flank of the Wind River Mountains. The Sheep Mountain, Wyoming (figure above) is an example of … A plunging syncline. The survey area is located in north-central Wyoming, about 14 kilometers northwest of the town of Greybull. As a result, tropical marine limestones that formed along the continental shelf now lie at the summit of Mount ____. The field data gathered then form the basis for a paper titled: "Geologic History of the Sheep Mountain Region". In order for a new subduction zone to form, oceanic lithosphere must be old and dense enough to create a downward force capable of shearing the ____. Extensive joint patterns often develop in response to relatively subtle and often barely perceptible regional upwarping and _____ of the crust. Unlike faults, ___ are fractures which no appreciable displacement has occurred. Each layer is bent around an imaginary axis called a _____ line, or simply a hinge. Mississippian-age collapse breccia bodies were identified as preexisting weak horizons for focused hydrothermal fluid flow during the Laramide. When an oceanic plate contains small seamounts, these structures are generally subducted along with the descending ______ slab. The answer lies in the nature of these diverse crustal blocks. Most joints are produced when rocks in the outermost crust are ____, causing the rock to fail by brittle fracture. By contrast, at transform fault boundaries, such as the San Andreas Fault, shear stress causes _____ segments of Earth's crust to slip ______ past one another. The shortening and thickening of the crust elevated great quantities of crustal material thereby generating the spectacular ______ Mountains. Anticline. This region, which is composed of relatively undeformed layers of sediment and sedimentary rocks, is called a ____ basin. In addition to simply making geologic maps, stratigraphic sections and structural cross-sections, the students have to put the local geology into the broader contexts of the Big Horn Basin and sequences of western orogenies. The ______ _______ contains several large batholiths, including the Sierra Nevada of California, the ____ ____ batholith of western Canada, and several large igneous bodies in the _____. Sheep Mountain is a classic example of a plunging anticline. Most high angle reverse faults are ___ and accomodate local displacements in regions dominated by other types of faulting. These compressional mountains contain large quantities of preexisting ____ and ___ rocks that have been faulted and contorted into a series of folds. Above the fault tip, the fluids circulated rapidly in the diffuse synfolding (and early folding) fracture network. These joint sets often exert a strong influence on other geologic processes. Still other may have been submerged oceanic ______ created by massive outpourings of ______ lavas associated with mantle plumes. We have already considered ____ types of joints. Map 1: This structure is the Sheep Mountain anticline in Wyoming. Because these newly formed basaltic magmas are less dense than the rocks from which they originated, they will ____ rise. Fracture network geometry was identified as a major control on fluid migration within the structure that has provided conduits for episodic hydrothermal fluid flow. What are the most conspicuous signs of orogenesis? The result was the displacement of the material that was ____ earlier by as much as 155 miles toward the interior of North America. PI: David Pollard, Stanford University. For example, in the Valley and Ridge Province, resistant sandstone beds remain as imposing ____ separated by valleys cut into more easily ____ shale or limestone beds. An example of an anticline is shown in the map below. India's northern margin, on the other hand, was a passive _____ margin consisting of a thick platform of shallow - water sediments and sedimentary rocks. What is the nature of crustal fragments, and where did they originate? Geologically speaking, Sheep Mountain is an anticline which is a type of folded bedrock that has an arch-like shape with its oldest rocks at its core. Where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath an oceanic plate, a _____ ____ ____ and related tectonic features develop. Inbetween, the distinctive red shales … This type of orogeny may also involve the _____ of continental fragments or island arcs that occupied the ocean basin that once separated the two continental blocks. MSU uses DSpace software, copyright © 2002-2017  Duraspace, Theses and Dissertations at Montana State University (MSU), https://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/handle/1/9148. Most batholiths consists of ____ igneous rocks that range in composition from granite to diorite. Explore this 1.19 gigapixel image.44.649928, -108.198165 - Facing 360* The truck roughly marks the northern heading. Pollard Dept. earliest scientific records of a strike-slip faulting were made following surface ruptures that produce large earthquakes, Because movement along the San Andreas Fault causes the crustal block on the opposite side of the fault to move to the right as you face the fault, it is called a ___ ___ strike-slip fault. Much of the remaining penetration into Asia caused lateral displacement of large blocks of the Asian crust by a mechanism described as _____ ____. Andean - type mountain building is characterized by _____ beneath a continent rather than oceanic lithosphere. Detailed studies of the Appalachians indicate that the formation of this mountain belt was complex and resulted from ____ distinct episodes of mountain building. Brittle deformation occurs when stress breaks the chemical bonds that hold a material together. Whenever the stresses acting on a rock body exceed its strength, the rock will deform by: when stress is applied unequally in different directions. The Bighorn Basin is a structural low, with the Absaroka Range to the west, the Bighorn Mountains to the … Sheep Mountain is a textbook example of an anticline fold. At it center lies a prominent 15 mile long ridge which corresponds to the double plunging anticline’s crest. Alpine - Type Mountain Building: Continental. True. In addition from Chapter 6 that sheeting produces a pattern of gently curved joints that develop more or less parallel to the surface of large exposed igneous bodies such as ____. Like the circle shown in figure 11.3, strained bodies lose their original configuation during _____. The town of Jackson, Wyoming is 13 miles (21 km) southwest of the peak. Sheep Mountain is in the Gros Ventre Wilderness of Bridger-Teton National Forest. When rocks are subjected to stresses that exceed their strength, they _____, usually by _____ or ___. These mobile fluids migrate upward into the wedge - shaped region of mantle between the subducting slab and upper _______. some strike-slip faults slice through Earth's crust and accomodate motion between two tectonic plates. The subduction of oceanic lithosphere is the driving force in ______ building called ____. Much of India is a continental shield composed mainly of ____ rocks. By looking at the landscape, determine which came first, the fold or … Geochemical analysis was used to constrain the origin and migration history of paleofluids. The southern end of Sheep Mountain is above the tree line and consists of rocky cliffs that are referred to as the "Sleeping Indian" due to their appearance as viewed from Jackson Hole. For example, chemical weathering tends to be concentrated along joints, and joint patterns influence how groundwater moves through the crust. It is now known that many of the terranes that make up the North American Cordillera were scattered throughout the eastern _______, like the island arcs and oceanic plateaus currently distributed in the western Pacific. Low-temperature hydrothermal mineralization resulting from episodic fluid flow led to complex diagenetic alteration. A cross-section at a right angle to the axis of a plunging anticline looks the same as an anticline. Changes that result from ____ ____ are recoverable; that is, like a rubber band, the rock will snap back to nearly its original size and shape. In addition, this event added substantially to the width of North America. Movements along these faults produced alternating uplifted fault blocks called __, are tilted fault blocks, also contribute to the alternating topographic highs and lows in the Basin and Range Province. Partial ____ within the deepest and most-deformed region of the developing mountain belt produced magmas that intruded the overylying rocks. In order to unravel the history of strain during folding, we carried out combined anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), anisotropy of P-wave velocity (APWV) and Fry strain analyses. Anticlines can have a major effect on the local geomorphology and economy of the regions in which they occur. Sudden movements along faults cause most _____. However, large, thick units of oceanic crust, such as the Ontong Java Plateau, which is the size of ____, or an island arc composed of abundant light igneous rocks, render the oceanic lithosphere too buoyant to subduct. The zone may be up to several kilometers wide. Mountain belts that were formed by the closure of major ocean basins include the: Continental collisions result in the development of mountain characterized by shortened and thickened crust, achieved through _______ and large- scale thrust faulting. 6.5. Fracture sets parallel to and perpendicular to the Laramide shortening direction acted as primary fluid flow conduits within Little Sheep Mountain anticline and provided enhanced porosity and permeability in the subsurface reservoir rocks. The rapid rate of seafloor spreading in the Pacific basin is balanced by a high rate of. Section 11.3 Faults and Joints: rock structures form by brittle deformation, form where brittle deformation leads to fracturing and displacement of Earth's crust, can be recognized in road cuts where sedimentary beds have been offset a few meters, large faults like the San Andreas Fault in California, have displacements of hundreds of kilometers of consist of many interconnecting fault surfaces. Research suggests that prior to their _________to a continental block, some of these fragments may have been ______ similar to the modern-day island of Madagascar, located east of Africa in the Indian Ocean. Each collision displaces earlier accreted ______ further inland, adding to the zone of ________ as well as to the thickness and lateral extent of the continental margin. In these situations, a collision between the crustal fragment and the continental _____ occurs. Its NW–SE trend (Figure 1) is similar to that of many folds within the Rocky Mountains, although some others formed at acute angles to the regional compression [ Erslev, 1993 ]. The Coast Ranges were uplifted only recently, as evidenced by the young, unconsolidated sediments that currently blanket portion of the _____. When tectonic forces are applied slowly over long time spans, rocks tend to display ductile behavior and deform by bending or flowing, Section 11.2 Folds: Rock Structures formed by ductile. This activity, however, is viewed as just one phase in the development of Earth's major ______ belts. This has occurred along the southern end of the _____ _____ trench, where the Orinoco River basin of ____ is a major source of sediments. Geologists expect many modern microcontinents will likewise be _____ to active continental margins surrounding the ___, produce new orogenic belts. The weakest naturally occurring solid to exhibit ductile flow is __ ___. The results are compared to previously published … In addition, the upward migration of buried salt deposits can produce salt domes like those surrounding Gulf of ____. What type of fold is this? The Sheep Mountain area, in the southwest Wind River Basin, is the up plunge closure of the Derby Dome-Winkleman Dome producing trend of an echelon folds which comprise the first line of folding down the northeast flank of the Wind River Mountains. Rather than subduct, the upper crustal layers of these thickened zones are peeled from the descending plate and ____ in relatively thin sheets on the adjacent continental block. Additional materials are derived from an adjacent continent or or ___ ___ and consists of volcanic debris and products of weathering and erosion. Today, these folded and thrust-faulted sandstones, limestones, and _____ make up the largely unmetamorphosed rocks of the valley and Ridge Province. 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